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. (No Model.) e l J. W. HYATT. ART OF FILTRATION.

Ne. 293.749,. Peteeeed Feb. l19,' v1884.

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' -WNFSSES;

' ATTORNEY N. Perses. Pim

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEgcE.

JOHN W. HYATT, E NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.-

ART 0F FILTRATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,749, dated February 19, 1884.

' Application med November 3, 1883. No model.;

0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. HYATT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Filtration, of which the following is a specification.

Theinvention relates to improvements in the art of filtration, and it consists, first, in coagulating the impurities and preventing any excess of the coagulant from passing off in solution with the escapin'g Water` during a continuous process of filtering througha filter-bed composed of material in comminuted form; second, in a sub-method in which iron or its compounds as coagulants, and lime as a pre- ,may be employed as a coagulant and precipitant, owing to their effectiveness for the purposes mentioned, the readiness with which they may be applied, and also in an economic point of view. I shall prepare the iron for use by obtaining iron borings, for convenience andeconomy, and reduce them by an ordinary paint-mill having burr-stones, or by an attrition-mill, or otherwise, to as near as may be an impalpable powder. In the employment of a paint-mill for this purpose the iron should bev mixed with lime and water in the proportion of, say, two parts of iron to one part of lime and three parts of water, by weight. The iron and lime may be pulverized while in a dry state by an attrition-mill, the water being afterward applied to give the mass a semi-liquid consistency. The iron and lime, after having been treated as described, is placed `in the ejector, for introduction into the pipe supply- March 6, 1883, and numbered 213,542, and as description of the apparatus whereby the invention is made useof.

In the accompanying drawings I illustrate an apparatus of novel construction, and the proper use of which involves an application of the invention sought to be protected hereby.

In said drawings, Figure lis aplan view of 7c an apparatus embodying the invention; and Fig. 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section of one of the ejectors forming a part of the said apparatus, and hereinafter described.

A denotes a water meter or pump, which 7 54 may be of any usual construction, having an inlet for water 'at B and an outlet at C. rlhe outlet-pipe connects with the supply or inlet Dto the filter E, a valve, F, being supplied in the inlet-pipe D, for the purpose of regulating the flow of the liquid. Y

, The filter Eis the usual two-story filter constructed on theprinciple described in Letters Patent of the United States granted to me S5 embodied in several pending applications, one of which was filed on the 1st day of August, 1883.

J represents the usual rotating spindle of the water-meter A, and upon its upper end is applied a driving-eccentric, K, which is connected with and actuates, when in motion, the rod L, hereinafter described'. At a convenient relation to the filter are arranged the ejectors M and N, each of which consists of the 95 cylinder O, a piston, P, ahead, Q, which carries the screw R, and aA rubber bag or diaphragm, S, open at both ends when detached. The diaphragm S, when expanded, snugly fills the cylinder O, as shown in Fig. 2. The edges Ioo of one of its ends are iirmly secured bythe head Iof the cylinder, while the opposite end of the diaphragm' is afiixed by a plate and screw to the inner end of the piston P. The screw R is engaged by an aperture formed in the head of the piston, which is made hollow, so as to permit of its having ahorizontal movement on the screw. Upon Athe outer portion of the screw It is rigidlyapplied the ratchetwheel X, which is engaged by the pawl Y, sccured upon the vertical lever' Z, the lower end of the lever being loosely iitted upon a sleeve secured upon the outer portion of the screw R. The outer extremity of the screw R pro- `jects through the ratchet-wheel X, and is suitably squared to permit of its engagement by a hand wheel or crank when desired. The upper part of the lever Z of each ejector is supplied with a set-screw or analogous device, a, by mea'ns ot' `which it is connected with the eccentric-rod L, the rod being slotted at I), so as to afford ameans of attachment to the levers. rPhe interior surface of the cylinder O and the exterior surface of the piston P are protected from contact with the sulphate of iron or other material employed as a coagulant or precipitantby the ilcxible diaphragm S. From the rear end of the cylinder O, and at its upper portion, passes the eiector-pipe c to the supply-pipe D, as indicated, each ejector-pipe being provided with a checkwalvej. The water to be puriiied passes through the meter ,A and pipe D into the filter, and at the same time suitable proportionate quantities of the sulphate of iron and the paste of lime (when these materials are used as coagulating and precipitating agents) are ejected through the pipes e into the pipe D, the quantity depending, mainly, upon the volume and quality of water passing through the meter A, and be ing regulated by the extent o1" the movement of t-he piston P.l The water passing through the meter actuates the gage-spindle J in the usual manner, and this eomlnunicates motion to the driving-eccentric l, which in turn imparts a reciprocating movement to the rod L and levers Z. .The movement of the levers Z operates through the pawls Yto rotate slowly and at regular intervals the ratchet-wheels X, and these wheels, being rigidly alixed upon the screws It, cause the rotation of the sam-e, whereby the piston P is given a horizontal movement toward or from the cylinder, according as the screws R are turned to the right or to the left. rPhe rubber bags or diaphragms are charged with the material by removing the heads T, the pistons P being first drawn tothe extreme of their 'forward movement. It will appear obvious that when the pistons are gradually moved toward the heads T, through the operation of the pawl Y and ratchetX upon the screw R, the material within the bags or diaphragms will be gradually forced upward through the pipes c and be discharged into the supply-pipe D.

I do not limit myself` to the apparatus hereinbefore described, as it is only one of many constructions which might be devised for carrying out the process part of the present invention. It is, however, a very desirable form, and I recommend its employment for the regularity and effectiveness of its operation.

In instances where the precipitant and the coagulant are independently injected into the supply-pipe at or prior to the entrance of the liquid into the iiltering apparatus, I will place the coagulating material in theinjectorllI and the preeipitant in the ejector N, and proceed with the operation of the apparatus as hereinbefore described. I shall by preference employ the coagulating and precipitating substances in the form of a paste or thick sirup, the materials being ground in water and concentrated as much as possible. Vhen metallic iron is employed as the coagulant, the two substances will be introduced into a single ejector and by it forced into the supply-pipe D. Any of the iron preparations-such as perehloride of iron, persulphate of iron, or sulphate of iron-may be utilized alone as a coagulant in the filtering process; but I have found that when lime is employed in addition thereto, a reduced quantity ot' the iron may be used. Vhen sulphate of iron is used as the coagulant, it will be ground with clay and water, in the proportion ot' eight parts of the salt to one part of clay and two parts of water, forming a paste, in which condition it may he placed in the injector.

In lieu of the lime in the process hercinbefore described, I may employ any alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate or caustic alkali with good results. Sulphate of zinc or chloride of zinc may also be mentioned as additional coagulants.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In the art ot' filtration, the methodhereinbeforc described of coagulating and arresting the impurities and of preventing any of the coagulating agents in solution passing off with the filtered water, which method consists, irst, in introducing into the water prior to or at its entrance into the apparatus a substance which will produce coagulation, and then a substance which will operate to precipitate t-hc excess of the coagulant and prevent any of the same in solution from passing oit' with the water, and inally allowing the water to pass through a bed of 'filtering material.

2. In the art ot' iiltration, the method hereinbefore described of coagulating and arresting the impurities and of preventing any of the coagulating material from passing oli in solution with the filtered water, which method consists in introducingiron and lime, substantially as described, into the water prior to or at its entrance into the apparatus, and then allowing the water to pass through abcd of iiltering material.

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3. The combination of a lter, an ejector` hollow piston, eXible bag or diaphragm, consisting of a cylinder and piston, and bescrew, pawl, and ratchet, substantially as set ing in communication with the supply-pipe forth. j

of the lter, and a motor for actua-ting the Signed at New York, in the county of New 15 5 piston of the ejector, substantiallyas set forth. York and State of N ew York, this 24th day 4. The ejector consisting of the cylinder, of October, A. D. 18,83. piston, screw, and escape-pipe, in combina# T tion with a filter and means for lactuating the JOHL W HYATT -screw simultaneously with the flow of Water Witnesses: 1c to the lteiy-substantially as set forth. CHAS. C. GILL,

5. The ejector consisting of the cylinder, HERMAN GUsfloW. 

